Umuhanda wa Silk: Kapiteni wubwato bwubutunzi

Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 15, ubwato bunini bw'amato bwahagurutse i Nanjing.Nibwo bwambere mubyiciro byurugendo rwakora, mugihe gito, gushiraho Ubushinwa nkimbaraga zambere ziki gihe.Urwo rugendo rwari ruyobowe na Zheng He, abadiventiste bakomeye b'Abashinwa mu bihe byose akaba n'umwe mu basare bakomeye ku isi.Mubyukuri, abantu bamwe batekereza ko yari icyitegererezo cyumwimerere cyamamare Sinbad Umusare.
Mu 1371, Zheng Yavukiye mu cyahoze ari Intara ya Yunnan ku babyeyi b'Abisilamu, bamwita Ma Sanpao.Igihe yari afite imyaka 11, gutera ingabo za Ming zafashe Ma ziramujyana i Nanjing.Agezeyo, yiciwe kandi akora nk'inkone mu rugo rw'ibwami.

Ma yagiranye ubucuti n'umutware waho nyuma yaje kuba Umwami w'abami Yong Le, umwe mu bami b'ingoma ya Ming.Intwari, umunyembaraga, umunyabwenge kandi wizerwa rwose, Ma yizeye kuganwa nigikomangoma, amaze kwima ingoma, amuha izina rishya amugira Inkone nini ya Imperial.

Yong Le yari umwami w'abami ukomeye, wizeraga ko ubushinwa buzakomeza kwiyongera hakoreshejwe politiki “yuguruye” yerekeye ubucuruzi na diplomasi mpuzamahanga.Mu 1405, yategetse amato y'Abashinwa kugenda mu nyanja y'Ubuhinde, maze ashyira Zheng He kuyobora urwo rugendo.Zheng yagiye kuyobora ingendo ndwi mu myaka 28, asura ibihugu birenga 40.

Amato ya Zheng yari afite amato arenga 300 n'abasare 30.000.Amato manini, uburebure bwa metero 133 "amato y'ubutunzi", yari afite masta agera ku icyenda kandi yashoboraga gutwara abantu igihumbi.Zheng afatanije n'abakozi b'Abanyakanani n'Abisilamu, bafunguye inzira z'ubucuruzi muri Afurika, Ubuhinde, na Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba.

Izo ngendo zafashaga kwagura inyungu z’amahanga mu bicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa nka silik na farufari.Byongeye kandi, Zheng Yagaruye ibintu bidasanzwe by’amahanga mu Bushinwa, harimo na giraffe ya mbere yigeze kuboneka.Muri icyo gihe, imbaraga zigaragara z’amato zasobanuraga ko Umwami w'Ubushinwa yategetse kubaha no gutera ubwoba muri Aziya yose.

Mu gihe intego nyamukuru ya Zheng yari iyo kwerekana ubukuru bwa Ming China, yakunze kwishora muri politiki y’ahantu yasuye.Urugero, muri Ceylon, yafashaga kugarura umutegetsi wemewe ku ngoma.Ku kirwa cya Sumatra, ubu kikaba kiri muri Indoneziya, yatsinze ingabo z’abambuzi b’akaga maze amujyana mu Bushinwa kugira ngo yicwe.

Nubwo Zheng Yapfuye mu 1433 kandi birashoboka ko yashyinguwe mu nyanja, imva n’urwibutso ruto kuri we biracyahari mu Ntara ya Jiangsu.Nyuma yimyaka itatu Zheng He apfuye, umwami mushya yabujije kubaka amato yo mu nyanja, kandi igihe gito cy’Ubushinwa cyo kwagura amato cyararangiye.Politiki y'Ubushinwa yahindutse imbere, hasigara inyanja ibihugu by’Uburayi bizamuka.

Ibitekerezo biratandukanye kubwimpamvu ibi byabaye.Impamvu yaba imeze ite, ingufu z’aba conservateurs zatsinze, kandi Ubushinwa bushobora gutegeka isi ntibwabonetse.Inyandiko za Zheng Ingendo zidasanzwe zatwitswe.Kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 ntabwo andi matsinda afite ubunini bugereranywa yajyanye ku nyanja.